There continues to be an important role for the medical evaluation and management of recurrent nephrolithiasis, Several protocols have been devised to investigate basic underlying metabolic and environmental abnormalities. Currently, most
evaluation are
performed as outpatient procedures and involve a series of 24-hour urine collections either on a random diet or restricted calcium diet. However, the normal values of various metabolic and environmental risk factors currently used are from those
volunteers from U. S. A. Using these values to compare abnormal values of stone-forming risk factors might not be appropriate since Koreans have different diets and environments. Therefore this study was underwent to determine the normal values
of
stone-forming risk factors in normal Korean using a single 24-hour urine specimen with StoneRisk(r) Diagnostic Profile, A total of 57 adult subjects (35 male: 22 female, 21~59 years old, mean age of 38.4 years old) who were found to be normal on
routine
SMA-20 and physical examination participated in this study. A 24-hour urine sample was collected from each applicant while he or she was adhering to his or her customary diet, fluid intake and activity. The specimen was kept refrigerated without
preservatives throught collection, After measurement of pH and total volume, two 30-ml aliquots of each 24-hour specimen were packed and shipped to San Antonio by air freight. Stone-forming risk factors were categorized into three broad groups of
risk
factors, metabolic factors included calcium, oxalate, uric acid citrate and pH. Environmental factors comprized total volume, sodium, sulfate, phosphorus, and magnesium Physicochemical factors represented measures of urinary saturation with
respect
to
various stone-forming salts-calcium oxalate, brushite, monosodium urate, struvite, and uric acid.
There was no difference in the values of urinary stone risk factors between koreans (Ca 181.2±65.3mg/d, Uric acid 601.2±206.3mg/d, Citrate 487.5±264.8mg/d) and Americans (Ca<250mg/d, Uric acid<700mg/d, citrate>320mg/d et al), but Koreans take
high
sodium-containing foods with increasing protein intake which is the reflexion of traditional Korean diet and the change toward western diet. Therefore, we believe that it is proper to use the normal values of stone risk factors in this study for
references to compare abnormal stone risk factores in Korean patients with urolithiasis.
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